Toll-like receptor 4 signalling attenuates experimental allergic conjunctivitis

Toll-like receptor 4 plays significant roles during allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis is a nasal hypersensitivity and allergic disease which leads to inflammation of nasal mucosa. Previous investigations revealed that innate immune receptors play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases including allergic diseases. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are important innate immune receptors, play crucial roles in the recognition of foreign antigens, i...

Genetic deletion of toll-like receptor 4 on platelets attenuates experimental pulmonary hypertension.

RATIONALE Recent studies demonstrate a role for toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH); however, the cell types involved in mediating the effects of TLR4 remain unknown. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of TLR4 expressed on nonparenchymal cells to the pathogenesis of PH. METHODS AND RESULTS TLR4 bone marrow chim...

Glycyrrhizin Attenuates Toll Like Receptor-2, -4 and Experimental Vasospasm in a Rat Model

Upregulated TLRs are observed in the serum of animals following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. This study was to examine glycyrrhizin's effect on proinflammatory cytokines and TLRs in SAH rats. Administration with glycyrrhizin was initiated 24 hr before and 1 hr later using osmotic minipump. Basilar arteries were harvested to examine TLRs mRNA and protein (rt-PCR and western blot) and CS...

Toll-like receptor 2 signalling and inflammation.

T oll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of proteins that are involved in the initial phase of host defence against invading pathogens. TLRs act as primary sensors of microbial products and activate signalling pathways that lead to the induction of immune and inflammatory genes. TLRs belong to a broader family of proteins, which include receptors for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (I...

Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Toll-IL-1 Receptor